The American Public School System - 960 Words

In the 17th century, the American public school system was founded and built upon early US colonists’ religious principle and ideologies, which were all a branch or sect of Christianity. The first tax-supported public school in the country in Dedham, Massachusetts was run by Reverend Ralph Wheelock who was a puritan priest. Schools in other parts of the English colonies were run by Jesuits, Catholics, Protestants, Lutherans, and the like. When new territory was claimed from the Native Americans, it was declared that the Native Americans were to be taught Christian ideology, and although enslaved and prevented from attending school, many African Americans were encouraged, or even coerced to adopt the Christian faith as well. At the beginning of every school day, mandatory prayers were recited from the Bible—like the Lord’s Prayer—and it was not until 1962 and 1963 that this was officially changed. This all began in 1955 when the New York Board of Regents ap proved an inclusive prayer to be used in the public school system. The prayer was â€Å"Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependency on Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country.† Engel v. Vitale made it unlawful for the public recitation of the Regents’ Prayer in public schools. In the year following, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Abington School District v. Schempp that the corporate reading of the Bible and recitation of the Lord’s Prayer was unlawful in public schools.Show MoreRelatedThe American Public School System1712 Words   |  7 PagesIf American schools want meet the needs of the twenty-first century, they must be reinvented. It is not enough to fix the schools; they must be rebuilt in both fundamental and radical ways. The future of the American public school system is significant because the livelihood of an informed and productive citizen is vital to the future of this country. Historically, Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracy and despite the growing hatred for the face value ofRead MoreThe American Public School System1335 Words   |  6 Pagesto revamp the American public school system is in the hands of the state lawmakers. The Common Core State Standards Initiative is the soluti on to this crisis facing our country today. These standards provide a framework in our public schools to help better prepare students for college. Through the implementation of these standards here in the State of Florida we will be helping bring our young scholars to a globally competitive level where the sky is the limit. The crisis for public education reformRead MoreThe Future Of The American Public School System1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica s Schools are to meet the needs of the twenty first century, they must be reinvented. It is not enough to try to fix the schools; they must be reconstructed in both fundamental and radical ways. The school system must be restructured. The future of the American public school system is significant because the maintenance of an informed and productive citizenry is vital to the future of this country. Historically Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracyRead MoreThe Supreme Court On The American Public School System Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesCourt would look at the First Amendment even until today. Although in this particular instance, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of religion and schools, this new definition of the First Amendment would go on to be used against religion in the American public school system for years to come until it would be almost entirely eradicated from public schools today. While many scholars have written on this case and have taken a stand on whether or not the interpretation is poor or good, they all agreeRead MoreA Free Public School System After The American Revolution826 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States first presented the idea of a free public school system after the American Revolution. In the late 1700s, the first American schools were established in the original thirteen colonies. Later in the 1800 century, African Americans began to have rights for attending public education with some strong boundaries. In Texas, the first law in 1840 established each county to put aside 17,000 acres of land for the construction of public school buildings. Five years later, the Texas constitutionRead MoreThe Corporate Side Of American Public Education And The Reformists Misled Beliefs That The School System1389 Words   |  6 PagesDiane Ravitch explores the corporate side of American public education and the reformists’ misled beliefs that the school system is in crisis. The school reforms in place are disguised as a means of improving public education, when in reality it has become an objective to â€Å"replace public education with a privately managed, free-market system of schooling† (Ravitch, p.4). Diane Ravitch supports her claim that the reformation movement has poor intentions with multiple sources of evidence. AmongRead MoreThe School System Of The United States961 Words   |  4 PagesAgainst Schoo l In a progressively more globalized world that necessitates more effective educational practices, the U.S., once the biggest global force in education, has seen its dominance slowly slip out, and its educational status fall even lower than that of several third-world countries. The decline experienced in American school system academic achievement is not as a result of lack of funding, but as a consequence of the overall educational system watering down. According to Gatto, educatingRead MoreThe Education System Of The American School System961 Words   |  4 Pages Against School In a progressively more globalized world that necessitates more effective educational practices, the U.S., once the biggest global force in education, has seen its dominance slowly slip out, and its educational status fall even lower than that of several third-world countries. The decline experienced in American school system academic achievement is not as a result of lack of funding, but as a consequence of the overall educational system watering down. According to Gatto, educatingRead MoreEssay Will School Vouchers Improve Public Schools?1082 Words   |  5 Pagesan area that American society cannot afford to ignore, as the discussion on voucher schools directly affects our youth, the very foundation of our country. Many cities across the United States have proposed school voucher programs in an effort to improve the education of inner-city children that come from low-income families. However, with this proposition arises certain questions that cannot be avoided. Although proponen ts of school vouchers argue differently, challengers of the system expressly stateRead MoreEssay on Private Schools Will Not Fix the American Education System1422 Words   |  6 PagesPrivate Schools Will Not Fix the American Education System    The American public education system was founded on the radical notion that all members of society should have equal access to education. Also crucial was the notion that a basic common education was essential for a true democracy. This revolutionary system is now in indisputable trouble. Many worry about America’s ability to compete with foreign countries while others address the growing dichotomy between the quality of education in

Accounting And Reporting On Sustainability - 1135 Words

Name: Subject: Instructor: Date: Accounting and Reporting on Sustainability Business sustainability has been concerned with the ensuring that organizations can implement various strategies that would contribute to the long term success of the business. Organizations that could act in a sustainable manner do not only create businesses that will live and survive for a long period of time, it will also maintain the well-being of the people and the planet as well. Leading companies are pretty much aware that their successful performance regarding sustainability is one of the key factors in their success. Investors are also interested to companies that promote sustainability with a focus on long term profitability as well as competitive advantage. Procter and Gamble Corporation was founded in 1837 in Cincinnati. The corporation was founded by William Procter, who was a candle maker along with his brother-in-law Gamble, who was a soap maker. Their combined venture sparked one of the most powerful and influential companie s in America which is later called Proctor and Gamble. Their first product was introduced in 1879. It was an ivory Soap. In the Year 2013, they have a net income of 11.31 billion U.S. dollars, total assets of 139.26 billion U.S. dollars, and a total equity of 68.06 billion U.S. dollars. The company’s products are divided into groups: beauty and grooming, and household care. The company has a target market of the customers from the middle up class. They alsoShow MoreRelatedAccounting And Reporting On Sustainability1132 Words   |  5 Pages: Accounting and Reporting on Sustainability Business sustainability has been concerned with the ensuring that organizations can implement various strategies that would contribute to the long term success of the business. Organizations that could act in a sustainable manner do not only create businesses that will live and survive for a long period of time, it will also maintain the well-being of the people and the planet as well. Leading companies are pretty much aware that their successful performanceRead MoreSustainability Accounting And Non Financial Reporting1052 Words   |  5 Pagesa newly established area in accounting, sustainability accounting and reporting extends the traditional model of financial and non-financial reporting to incorporate the company’s operational information, social and environmental activities, and their ability to deal with related risks. Not only do these acts have effects on society and the environment, but they also directly impact company’s financial statements. The most widel y accepted definition of sustainability that has emerged over time isRead MoreImplementation Of The International Financial Reporting Standards1385 Words   |  6 PagesTables 3.1 and 3.2 above exhibit the various local content sustainability indicators and their reporting procedures. Although the GRI is the most commonly used guideline, the two standards are often used together in a single sustainability report by oil companies . The present study combines these indicators and adopted a content analysis procedure to test whether there is any variation in the IOCs’ local content reporting before and after the enactment of the Nigeria’s local content law. The nextRead MoreThe International Integrated Reporting Council Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This essay has been requested by the one of the Big 4 accounting firms in New Zealand, in which they include Deloitte, Price Waterhouse Coopers, KPMG and Ernst and Young to prepare a contextual essay in relation to Integrated Reporting (). In this document, it will pay specific attention to explaining what is , it’s emergence and deliver a reasonable judgment as to whether it should develop the new form of regulated accounting practice in New Zealand within the next 5 years for KPMG. TheRead MoreContribution Of Accountancy On Sustainable Development1485 Words   |  6 Pages FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING THEORY | BBAC502 Group Assignment â€Æ' Topic # 1 CONTRIBUTION OF ACCOUNTANCY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT â€Å"Bookkeepers will spare the world†, said Peter Bakker, the Chief Executive of of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. The idea of sustainability includes working in a way that assesses an association s effects on the planet, its kin and what has to come. A developing number of bookkeeping scholastics have been lookingRead MoreAccounting Theory Assignment 21710 Words   |  7 PagesYEAR 2011 AFW 3040 – ACCOUNTING THEORY BY: SARAH WONG Assignment 2 – 1500-word Essay Topic: How social and environmental reporting practices undertaken by companies highlight the limitations of the conceptual framework. Introduction: Accountancy has always been concerned with mainly the accountability of directors to shareholders and companies to creditors. As companies grow larger and become more integrated with the society, this call for a focus towards sustainability and being accountableRead MoreGlobal Female Poverty and Sustainability Efforts1529 Words   |  6 PagesWith the world going to International Accounting Standards, poverty reduction is part of the sustainability efforts. It is suggested by (Sumner, 2005) that globalization of the worlds market economies is a root cause of increasing feminization poverty everywhere. The worlds poverty is mostly with women and minority groups, making gender and diversity a big part of sustainability. Sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations toRead MoreFrameworks In Greenwashing913 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough sustainability reporting (Klettner, Clarke Boersma 2014; Soderstrom 2013). Accordi ngly, there has been an increase in organisations’ claiming their voluntary commitment to the international standards and frameworks for corporate sustainability – namely, the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)’s sustainability reporting guidelines (Klettner, Clarke Boersma 2014; Milne Gray 2013). According to Benn, Dunphy Griffiths’ (2014) sustainability phaseRead MoreCorporate Social Reporting ( Csr )1556 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Reporting (CSR) Abstract Organizations embark on social and environmental reporting for a variety of different reasons and not to simply improve credibility with stakeholders; although that is a primary reason in many organizations. However, other organizations have different objectives altogether that can include a range of different motivations. Some models have broken the range of motivations into signaling or greenwashing or used legitimacy theory to explain the motivationsRead MoreThe Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program1355 Words   |  6 Pagesa result, governments have enacted laws that limited the amount of pollution that a firm can release. One such law is the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, which in a nutshell, stipulates mandatory reporting of greenhouse gases released by certain firms. In regards to the program, what is it, and what is its purpose? How does this program relate to accounting, and what role do accountants play? How will this law affect businesses? With the trend in sustainabl e operations, firms will most likely

An Analysis of the Global Significance of the 2012 London Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony free essay sample

Introduction Sport is seen as the most desirable element of television viewing. It has played a significant role in the growth of television, especially during its emergence as a global technological innovation in the 1960s (Whannel, 2009:201). It can be agreed that television has transformed sport, in a way that it is rare to have one week without an international televised sporting event (Glenn, forthcoming). The live broadcasts of sporting events have the power to engage viewers with an embedded suspense of ‘who will win? It has been internationalized and become globalised in a way that fans in South Africa can follow the fortunes of Tour de France or the German Formula One Racing (Glenn, forthcoming). This essay will analyse how the live broadcast of the 2012 London Olympics Opening Ceremony constitutes as a media event and the global significance that it devotes to the host country. Definitions and Types To understand the concept of what constitutes as a media event, we us e the description given by Dayan and Katz (1992). According to these two authors, media events are monopolistic interruptions of routine. They intervene in the scheduled flow of broadcasting (1992:5) and stimulate viewers to turn to the event. These media events can be subdivided into three scripts as defined by Dayan and Katz (1992). However, this analysis of the 2012 LSOOC only constitutes for two of the ‘scripts’, more specifically ‘Coronations’ and ‘Contests’. Dayan and Katz (1992) define ‘Contests’ as â€Å"rule-governed battles† where individuals or teams compete for victory. These ‘battles’ include major sporting events such as the Olympic Games or presidential elections. They are recurrent rituals that are held every given season. Similar to ‘Contests’, ‘Coronations’ are also rituals. They proceed according to strict rules. However, these rules are governed by tradition as oppose to authority. ‘Coronations’ are ceremonial the â€Å"rites of passage† (1992:31) such as festivities and royal traditions. ‘Coronations’ accelerate the viewer’s anticipation of whether the event will succeed or be undermined as the result of a minor miscalculation. The opening ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games classifies as a Coronation in itself; as it glorifies the chosen country as a host and invites audiences to promote unity and celebrate tradition. Concurrently, mixed elements of Contests among the opening ceremonies of past Olympic Games and other mega sporting events are notable. Major-sporting events as a Media Events The Olympic Games are pre-planned in a way that it dominates the pages of major newspapers. This sporting event is promoted in a manner that it urges women to provide the necessary ‘viewing-orientated snack food for their menfolk’ (Whannel 2009:206). Media events that involve sport often become the occasion for carnivalesque behaviour, this includes: face painting, singing, parting and the wearing of eccentric costumes and headgear. At the 2012 London Olympic Games, South African supporters wore green and gold to represent the country along with festively adorned safety helmets and blew through long plastic horns to create uproar. However, It was noticed that when the host country’s team was no longer involved in the event as in the 2010 Fifa World Cup, although South Africa failed to qualify for the finals, the South African flag was still seen flying. This is a way in which support went to the African teams left in the tournament. This is a way in which support goes to teams perceived to be representative (Glenn, forthcoming). This sort of behaviour is motivated in and around public venues that provide large television screens for viewing pleasure. The manipulation of time and space has led to the accessibility of television in bars and restaurants which led to the construction of a world enabled public sphere. Consequently, the event itself becomes a dispersed occasion taking place not only at the sports arena, but also within homes and other public places. The Olympics Games The Olympic Games is a major internationalized media event, it highlights both summer and winter sports in which athletes from around the world can participate in. The Olympic Games are considered to be the worlds’ most notable contest with more than 200 nations competing. The Summer Olympic Games are held quadrennialy, meaning that the event occurs every four years. Media events are live television broadcasts. The rise of television has allowed for audiences to act as a witness to the spectacle. While sporting tournaments offer commentary to shape the spectators perceptions, ‘Contests’ and ‘Coronations’ invite the audience at home and at the live event to act as partisans and judges. The audience is then obligated to assess the team’s performance not only in the games, but also the display of the opening ceremony, in which the national identity of the country is unveiled. The Olympic Charter is a set of rules and guidelines for the Olympic Games, used to govern the Olympic movement. It promotes the fundamental principles of Olympism. According to the Olympic Charter (2011), Olympism describes the term coined to refer to a ‘philosophy of life’ that blends sports with education and culture. It strives for the educational value of being a good role model and the respect of universal ethics including: friendship, generosity, non-discrimination and respect for others. Consequently, the International Olympic Committee encourages that every series of Olympic Games be superior to the previous one. Impact of the Olympic Games on Host City The staging of a ‘mega-sports event’ such as the Olympic Games are seen as a major opportunity for the transformation of countries like China in 2008. The hosting of this event not only attracted a large amount of tourism, but it gave citizens the opportunity to travel to the host country and to promote unity and glorify the nation that they had come to retreat in. This enhanced the nation’s world status and built its reputation on a global stage. These media events can be identified by its tourism incentive, and its impacts on the host city. The effects can be either positive or negative. Ultimately, it tends to publically lead the host city towards a positive image even though it does not result in immediate economic benefits. Many theoreticians have argued that the staging of these events only result in negative impacts such as overcrowding increased taxes and a disruption in road works due to Olympic related building (Cashman, 2002:7). However, Cashman (2002) argues that the staging of the Olympic Games is in fact a matter of continuing â€Å"debate and controversy†. In the 2012 London Games there were a number of controversies that surrounded the Games, regarding as to whether issues of ‘cultural elements’ played a role in forming the 2012 iconography. Figure 1: London 2012 Olympics Emblem Figure 1 is a display of the emblem that was used to promote the London 2012 Olympic Games. The image was based on the year 2012 and designed in an aim to appeal to today’s ‘cyber-culture generation’. The debate that surrounded this emblem had received a lot of criticism. Some critics saw it as it resembling many things, from a jagged representation of the Nazi symbol to a sexual act performed by an animated sitcom character. When an official of the IOC committee was confronted, he had this to say: â€Å"The London 2012 logo represents the figure 2012, nothing else† (Borger, 2011). London as a host city London has hosted the games on two previous occasions, first in 1908 and then again forty years later in 1948. The games were also scheduled to be held in London in 1944 but were cancelled as a reaction of World War 2. The 2012 London Summer Olympics made it the third time that London had held the games. This signifies London as a world-leading and financially developed nation and that is seen as the power capital of the world. 2012 London Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony The opening ceremonies of major media events are amongst the most watched television events on the planet (The Vigilant Citizen, 2012). They are seen as an exceptional opportunity for the host country to restructure itself to the world. Traditionally, it celebrates the culture and history of the host nation. However, the 2012 LSOOC endured itself as a ritual display that celebrated the goals and symbolism of London as world elite capital. The opening ceremony of the 2012 London Summer Olympics was held on the 27 July 2012. It was entitled ‘Isle of Wonder’. The ceremony was designed by director of Slumdog Millionaire (2008), Danny Boyle. The ceremony focused on the history of Britain and the actors that influenced it. The ceremony commenced with an ancient land in England, and followed through the Industrial Revolution. The ceremony was told with the use of symbolic references that reminiscent the ‘occult’ history of Great Britain (The Olympics, 2012). The ceremony commenced with a green peasant land that was inspired by Shakespeare’s The Tempest (1610), which was also set on a dreamlike isle. It represented the rural ideal that gave way to the Industrial Revolution. This signified the nation’s importance of England’s Glastonbury Tor to the rest of the world. The height of the green land introduced an important change in England. The strive for the Industrial Revolution was heavily influenced by secret societies such as the Illuminati, this was represented by a display of men in top hats coordinating the transformation from a peasant land to an economic social system positioned in the 18th century. The rest of the opening ceremony emphasised on other national features such as the National Health System that glorifies Britain as a nation devoted to its people. The ceremony then concluded with the lighting of the Olympic Cauldron, which was composed of petals that represented each participating nation (The Olympics, 2012). In opposition to the 2012 LSOOC being the greatest show ever seen, Woods (2012) argues that London neglected the opportunity to showcase the negative aspects of Britain’s controversial history. The opening ceremony abandoned the chapter between the Industrial Revolution and World War 1 (1914), when Britain perpetually transformed global history. It could be said that the country is suffering from ‘collective amnesia’ as to whether this imperial past should be glorified or precluded. The ceremony was seen as a pled for a reconstruction of the ‘hermetic image’ of Britain. This patriarchal vision portrayed in the opening ceremony signified London as an impenetrable nation. Contradictory, without Britain’s colonial past the contemporary realm would be undefined to all. Therefore Britain remains an important sector of the world. The 2012 LSOOC confirmed that there is a manner to celebrate a controversial country’s history, without acknowledging its â€Å"imperial nostalgia†. Coverage of the Olympic Games Media Events has the ability to monopolise airwaves and interrupt ordinary broadcasting schedules. It demands the exclusive control over television rights as a strategy to maximise audience viewership and advertising revenue. In 1960, South Africa was banned from competing in the Olympic Games as a result of the apartheid era, the nation the returned to the Olympic scene in 1992. With the nation competing, mass audiences were immediately attracted and resulted in the monopolisation of South African television channels. The International Olympic Committee is committed to providing television coverage of the event to a worldwide audience. The 2012 London Olympic Games were broadcasted by a number of both local and international broadcasters. In South Africa, The South African Broadcasting Corporation (hereafter SABC) was granted as the official broadcaster of the 2012 London Olympic Games. The broadcasting organisation delivered the coverage of the Olympic Games across three television channels in all of the country’s’ official languages. SABC 2 was the home of the Olympic Games, while additional content was broadcasted on other channels. During the two weeks of the Olympic Games in London, viewers switched to social media to share their thoughts and experiences of the sporting spectacular. The rise of digital journalism in South Africa allowed for viewers to generate feedback n social media platforms. The display of the 2012 London Olympic Games opening ceremony left viewers in an awe as to how Rio would top the ceremony in 2016. Media mogul Rupert Murdoch (2012) said that the opening ceremony was a great success, even though it was overly â€Å"politically correct†. Conclusion The Audience that viewed the Games might remember the exceptional moments of their national team winning a contest. The key moment for South African audiences viewing the Games was accelerated when the first gold medal was won by South Africa’s Chad le Close for the men’s 200m butterfly final. This, considering that in pre-apartheid South Africa, segregation held a persuasive presence and excluded South Africa from participating in televised events, was seen as a major highlight and tribute to their country for South African fans watching the event. However, viewers are more likely to remember the spectacle version of the opening ceremony that the accumulation of gold medals. The overall impression of a host country is ‘unlikely’ to change due to a well-conducted opening ceremony. London camouflaged its controversial history about the acceleration of World War 1 and unveiled its national features that Britain has to be proud of. Words:  ±2300 References Borger, J. 2011. Iran claims London 2012 Olympics Logo spells the word ‘Zion’. In Guardian. 28 February. Available: http://www. guardian. co. uk/world/2011/feb/28/iran-london-olympics-logo-zion [2012, September 04]. Cashman, R. 2002. Impact of the Games on Olympic host cities. Barcelona: Centre d’Estudis Olimpics (UAB). Available: http://olympicstudies. uab. es/lectures/web/pdf/cashman. pdf [2012, September 12] Chateau de Vidy. 2011. Olympic Charter. International Olympic Committee. Switzerland: Lausanne. Available: http://www. olympic. org/Documents/olympic_charter_en. pdf [2010, August 20] Dayan, D and Katz, E. 1992. Defining Media Events: High Holidays of Mass Communication. In Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Cambridge (Massachuestts) and London: Harvard University Press. pp1 24 Dayan, D and Katz, E. 1992. Scripting Media Events: Contest, Conquest and Coronation. In Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London: Harvard University Press. pp25 – 53 Debate. org. 2012. Available: http://www. debate. org/opinions/as-a-result-of-the-olympics-is-china-perceived-as-a-more-compassionate-country[2012, September 17] Evans, M. 2010. Mandela and the televised birth of the rainbow nation. In National Identities. Routledge. 12(3): 309 – 306. Available: http://www. tandfonline. com. ezproxy. uct. ac. za/doi/pdf/10. 1080/14608944. 2010. 00327 [2012, September 05] Glenn, I. (forthcoming) Sport and Television. University of Cape Town. South Africa: Cape Town Murdoch, R. 2012. [Twitter update, 28 July] Available: http://twitter. com/rupertmurdoch [2012, September 15] The Olympics. 2012. Opening Ceremony – London 2012 Olympic Games. Available: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=H2VPSjHnc2E [2012, August 28] The Vigilant Citizen. 2012. The Occult Symbolism of the 2012 Olympics Opening and Closing Ceremonies. In The Vigilant Citizen 17 August. Available: http://vigilantcitizen. com/vigilantreport/the-occult-symbolism-of-the-2012-ol mpics-opening-and-closing-ceremonies/ Waters, W. 2007. Hosting the Olympics and Economic Development –Reality Check. All about cities. 13 July. Available: http://allaboutcities. ca/hosting-the-olympics-and-economic-development-reality-check/ Whannel, G. 2009. Television and the Transformation of Sport. In The End of Television? Its Impact on The World (So Far). E. Katz and P. Scannell. Sage Publications Woods, E. 2012. What the Olympics didn’t say about Britain’s place in the world. [Blog, 31 August]. Available: http://blogs. lse. ac. uk/europpblog/2012/08/31/olympics-britain/ [2012, September 15]

Religion In Whos Afraid Of Virginia Woolf Essays -

Religion In 'Who's Afraid Of Virginia Woolf?' In Edward Albee's controversial play, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, religion plays a major, yet often overlooked theme. There are constant references to God and Jesus throughout the play; in the third act, ?The Exorcism,? George recites the Requiem for the Dead, the Catholic funeral mass. Throughout the play, these religious references and the character of Honey come to symbolize the failure of religion. Albee added these references to point out the fact that although religion is and has been ubiquitous, it still gives no answers. Most of the references to God and Jesus are swear words; ?God damn,? and ?Jesus Christ!? and the like. Even though these interjections are not the typical ?reference ' to God or Jesus, they bring a sense of knowing into the play's setting. The characters know about God and believe in Him. Martha claims to be an atheist, but that is doubtful because she especially uses ?God damn' to get her point across, and she gets very upset while George is reciting the Requiem. She knows that God is there, but won't admit it. George recites the Requiem when his and Martha's son ?dies.' The requiem was designed to comfort those people whose loved ones had passed on, so that they could let go. However, while George is reciting the requiem, Martha is in hysterics! She can not let go of her ?son' and she is not comforted until George stops reading the mass. The character of Honey is somewhat of a paradox. She is the goody-goody preacher's daughter on the surface, with dark secrets held beneath. She grew up surrounded by religion, and it did practically nothing to shape her morals. She appears to be the sweet, passive, pious woman that many preachers' daughters grow up to be, but we see more of her as the play goes on. When Nick and George are talking outside for the first time, Nick reveals that he only married Honey because he thought she was pregnant. Honey knew she wasn't pregnant, she only wanted to trap Nick into matrimony. Not a very Christian thing to do. Also, she has been taking birth control and concealing it from Nick. There are three things wrong with that. First, birth control itself is against Christian belief. Second, withholding important information from someone who should know that information is considered lying within the Christian church. Third and finally, her selfishness goes against everything she should have lea rned growing up in the home of a preacher. Albee made and still makes a point in this play. ?Although religion is supposed to be the answer, it gives none.' That point is supported by every religious reference he added in. Every reference to God and Jesus being a swear word, the requiem causing grief instead of comfort, and finally the preacher's daughter being everything but Christian. Albee definitely got his point across this time.

Understanding Chargebacks

Understanding Chargebacks We are all FFW readers for one reason: to make our writing career profitable. We seek answers to the big picture dilemmas. How much should I charge for my writing services? Where can I get good writing leads? Am I financially ready to scrap my day job? Unfortunately, many small details get lost among the bigger issues. One of those details is chargebacks. Understanding Chargebacks As a serious writer, you can learn about the chargeback process here. A general overview is this: a chargeback is a credit card refund initiated Chargebacks were originally created for consumer protection. For example, if a hacker stole your credit card and bought a million pairs of shoes, you aren’t responsible for the bill. However, this consumer protection has evolved into a form of fraud. Many people want something for free- and they use a chargeback to get it. How Chargebacks Affect Writers As a writer, your business model is different than a traditional merchant. However, if you process credit card payments, you are technically a merchant, and as vulnerable as any other business owner. Nearly all merchant processors, including PayPal, Square and similar companies, assess chargeback fees from $20 to $75 each. So if a client hits you with a chargeback in attempt to get your work for free, youve lost the expected money from the gig, fees were charged, and you sacrificed your writing. Bummer. Tips for Preventing Chargebacks First, try to deter fraudulent transactions from happening. 1) Only work for reputable clients. Do your research before agreeing to the deal. See if anyone has posted a scam report online. Review the clients website. Call the company and do a mini phone interview. Or, if the client has an office, drop 2) Have important conversations via email. To fight a chargeback, you need written documentation. Email is a great way to prove your case. 3) Draft an air-tight contract, sign it and make sure both parties have a copy. Next, provide outstanding customer service to prevent a client from claiming the quality of work wasn’t as expected. 1) Don’t accept more work than you can handle. 2) Promptly acknowledge all emails and phone calls. 3) Adhere to deadlines, or at least keep the client abreast of changes. 4) Provide a detailed invoice with the completed assignment. Fighting Chargebacks Fighting chargebacks to get your money back is quite difficult. That’s why prevention is so important. If you dispute a claim, provide written documentation (like your emails and contract). For example, you can use an email conversation to prove the writing was received on time. Also as a writer, you have one very valuable chargeback tool at your disposal that isn’t available to other business owners. The â€Å"products† you sell have copyright protection. Let’s say you wrote an article for an online magazine. The site owner published it, but never paid you. Technically, you own the copyright for that article until you’re paid. If this happens, you can contact the website’s host company and demand a DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) takedown. If the site owner doesn’t pay or remove the violating content, the site can be closed down. Therefore, when you draft your contract, add a line that says copyright transfers to the client upon payment in full. This simple phrase could help prevent the client from filing a chargeback (and will expedite a DMCA takedown, if needed). Implementing chargeback prevention strategies now can prevent you losing a lot of money down the road.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Business Ethics - Essay Example People also differ on how businesses should approach diversity efforts. Some say that firms should manage diversity for legal compliance, while others assert for greater proactive initiatives (Eagley and Carli 110; Sandel 169). I believe that businesses should go beyond following laws that prohibit discrimination, and instead, they should exceed the requirements of the law and actively encourage diversity as the new ethical business strategy, because promoting diversity is a â€Å"common good† and provides multiple benefits for concerned stakeholders. Businesses have a moral obligation to promote diversity as a common good. Firms understandably aim to reduce costs and maximize profits, because those are some of the obvious purposes of having a business. Companies aim to turn profits, so that they can grow either locally or internationally and improve shareholder wealth. However, past and present experiences have shown that these goals should not be the only aims of businesses, because they should also be held accountable for the social, economic, environmental, cultural, and political consequences of their actions. They should be aware that the Machiavellian principle is not always ethical; not all means justify the end. For instance, it is not right to prefer promoting male candidates, because of the belied that women are often divided between family and work roles and responsibilities, and so they may be less reliable than men. It is not also right to hire female workers and pay them less than male counterparts, so that the company can save money. Companies should also be responsible for promoting and contributing to the â€Å"common good† and they can do this through seeing diversity as an ethical business strategy for their good and the good of society. The common good represents what is good for the society in general and not only for individuals. In Chapter 7, Sandel argues for affirmative action. He stresses that affirmative action can serv e the common good, because it corrects the testing gap, balances the wrongs of the past, and supports diversity (169). There is evidence that standardized tests are possibly biased. The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and other standardized tests are disputed for not being able to accurately predict academic and professional success, as well as measure different forms of intelligence (Sandel 169). Martin Luther King, Jr. had mediocre scores on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) and even scored below average in verbal aptitude (Sandel 169). Studies also show that African Americans and Hispanics generally score lower than white students in standardized tests and scholars argue that test scores should also be properly interpreted in the context of the students’ social, family, cultural, and educational conditions (Sandel 169). In the same way, firms should also promote diversity, because standardized HR practices and measures are not always fair to minorities. In â€Å"Women and the Labyrinth of Leadership,† Eagley and Carli describe the labyrinth of challenges for women in and vying for leadership positions. They reveal that only 6% of the top positions in corporations on the Fortune 500 list belong to women with only 2% holding the position of CEO (Eagley and Carli 105). They argue that the main causes of gender gap in leadership positions are not the â€Å"glass ceilings,† but because organizations have created a â€Å"labyrinth† for female employees. Firms can address this by changing norms, values, and

Bussiness Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Bussiness Ethics - Essay Example Although, some manufacturers made deliveries to IKEA, mostly at night to avoid being seen, IKEA thought of other strategic options to counter this problem, and one among them is outsourcing. This made IKEA to go scouting abroad for manufacturers and Kamprad entered into contracts with number of factories in Poland, thus ‘seeding’ more outsourcing. It was this early decision of Kamprad to seek least expensive alternatives to domestic manufacturing of the products turned out to be a more profitable avenue for IKEA to take. As, this outsourcing strategy reduced the costs of production, it is able to offer affordable or cheap prices to the customer, thereby bringing in more customers. â€Å"IKEA currently works with 1,300 suppliers in 53 countries, but Kamprad made the pioneering decision to source furniture from communist Poland as early as 1961. Since manufacturing costs were 50% lower in Poland than in Sweden, his decision looks brilliant in hindsight.† (Barthelemy 2006). Importantly, IKEA continued as well as extended its outsourcing strategy to other countries particularly 1980’s and 90’s, particularly to Asian countries like India, Ch ina, Pakistan, Philippines, etc, where they can access cheap labour. Although, outsourcing to these countries gave IKEA a cost-effective option, it also led to the rise of ethical issues and controversies, both from the economic as well as political perspectives, thereby making or even forcing IKEA to come up with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) based activities. IKEA outsourced to the Asian countries many of its manufacturing processes including making of carpet, rugs, wicker baskets, etc. That is, in starting from 1970s and more prominently from 1990’s, they found many local manufacturers cum suppliers, who would manufacture the products and supply to them with IKEA label. This turned out to be a productive and profitable option, as IKEA was able to get good productivity for cheaper prices, when compared to the